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Project Management Process Groups and Phases

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Cite and list all references used for each of the five questions.

1. What is project management? Briefly describe the project management framework, providing examples of stakeholders, knowledge areas, tools and techniques and project success factors.
2. Explain the four frames of organization. How can I help project managers understand the organizational context for the project?
3. Briefly describe what happens in each of the five project management process groups (initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing). What types of activities are done before initiating a project?
4. What is involved in project scope management and why is good project scope management so important on information technology projects?
5. Explain why you need to use good WBS project management software?

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Solution Summary

This solution defines and explains project management with examples. It explains four frames of organization as well as project process groups and phases.

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1. What is project management? Briefly describe the project management framework, providing examples of stakeholders, knowledge areas, tools and techniques and project success factors.

Project management (PM) is a well-planned and organized effort to accomplish an endeavor. It is a one-time effort that is aimed at producing a specific outcome. It is an ongoing process and is usually composed of subprojects at the same time. (MangementHelp.org)
Project management framework serves as an outline of tasks, processes, and tools that are used by the PM leaders to understand the project's structure so that they have more ideas to initiate the project and plan on it for implementation, control and monitor to keep it going, and even terminate the activities all throughout the PM life-cycle. PM framework makes use of various approaches and methods to plan and prepare the major stages of the cycle. (McConnell, 2010)
Schwalbe described the components of the PM framework:
- Stakeholders' needs and expectations - stakeholders are composed of the people who are involved in the project, those interested in it, and anyone affected by the project. In an IT project such as the creation of a new software for a company's use, the encoders or the secretaries using the new program or software are examples of stakeholders and so are the programmers who have worked on the program to completion.
- PM knowledge areas - It is necessary that project managers understand these as they are vital to the completion of the project. They are classified into three: Core knowledge areas (scope management, time management, cost management, quality management); Facilitating knowledge areas (human resources management, communication management, risk management, procurement management and stakeholder management); and the Integrative knowledge areas (project integration management). Various tools and techniques help to increase understanding and are necessary in the implementation. Among these tools and techniques for each of the knowledge areas are the following: stakeholder analyses, project selection methods, software, change requests (integration management); scope statements, work breakdown structures, scope change controls (scope management); Gantt charts, critical path analysis (time management); net present value, payback analysis (cost management); quality metrics, checklist (quality management); motivation techniques, empathic listening (human resource management); communications management plans, conflict management ...

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