This addresses data security, hierarchy, & related issues.

1. While storing data, a company need's to ensure its security as well. Data security is one of the most important items in any system. How well secured a company's information is dependent on how much the company is willing to spend on this aspect of its system. For example, the medical lab I work for does not allow sending SSNs, and student's academic records via email. Even saving such information on employees' local drives is against the college's policy.
In the previous weeks, we talked about general security within the information systems. It is important for business to make sure their data are secured at all levels.
Since this week we are specifically dealing with database, let's discuss about the measures database administrators must take to create a secured database.

To start, what are some of the measures database administrators take to provide secured operation across a business organization?

2. Regarding the importance of ensuring reliability and accessibility of information.In order to make data useful information, it needs to be organized. Organizing the data in an efficient manner is very important. We use a standardized hierarchy (bit, character, data field, record, file and database) to store the data.

*hands-on exercise

please create additional examples of your own showing a standard hierarchy (start from field).

3. I worked in an environment where most of the activities were done manually to ultimately be keyed-in by what we called then 'data-punchers' (data entry clerks). Such processes are prone to typing error leading to waste of company resources. We had subledgers with discrepancies which required several hours of work every month to investigate and adjust. Having a systematic way of validating the data upfront is a great way to minimize such incidences.

please what are some of the ways we can go about capturing error-free data?

4. Any information system is a collection of procedures that collect data and convert them into information that can be used by the organization and other stakeholders to make appropriate decisions. Data may come from multiple internal and external sources in different forms. Retrieving effective information in an efficient manner rests on how these data are organized.