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Considerations for entering foreign markets

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Vale is the second largest mining company based in Brazil. Although it has recently expanded its operations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, it has not yet entered the North American market. Vale is considering investments in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Utah through a wholly owned subsidiary. It has approached two different investment banking advisors, JP Morgan and Morgan Stanley, for estimates of what its costs of capital would be several years into the future when it plans to list its American subsidiary on the U.S. stock exchange. Using the following assumptions by the two different advisors, calculate the prospective costs of debt, equity, and WACC for Vale U.S. 

Assumptions JP Morgan Morgan Stanley
Components of beta: Β
Estimate of correlation between security and market ρjm             0.75              0.80
Estimate of standard deviation of Vale's returns σj 40.00% 35.00%
Estimate of standard deviation of market's return σm 15.00% 18.00%
Risk-free rate of interest krf 2.00% 2.00%
Estimate of Vale's cost of debt in US market kd 9.00% 10.00%
EMRP (Rm-Rf) EMRP 5.50% 5.00%
Corporate tax rate T 35.00% 35.00%
  Proportion of debt D/V 35% 40%
Proportion of equity E/V 65% 60%

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Solution Summary

The considerations for entering foreign markets are provided. Two different advisers assumptions are provided.

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  • MCom, Annamalai University
  • IATA, International Air Transport Association
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