Multicriteria Decisions Objectives

See attached file.

An introduction to management science Ch14 Multicriteria Decisions

Question 1

A decision with more than one objective

cannot have an optimal solution.

requires the decision maker to place the objectives in some order of importance.

depends on the probability of satisfying each objective.

should be decomposed into a separate model for each objective.

Question 2

Deviation variables that occur in the objective function indicate

the targets.

the priorities.

only the areas that are of concern.

the difference between all actual and target values.

Question 3

The goal programming problem with the objective function min P1(d1+) +P2(d2) is initially solved by the computer and the objective function value is 0. What constraint should be added for the second problem?

d1+ = 0

d1+ + d2 = 0

d1+ + d2 = 0

d1+  0

Question 4

Pair-wise comparisons are used to

compare criteria in terms of the overall goal.

compare choices on each criterion.

both a and b are true.

neither a nor b is true.

Question 5

Goal programming with preemptive priorities never permits trade-offs between

goals with the same priority level and the same weights.

goals with different priority levels.

goals with the same priority level and different weights.

any goals.

Question 6

Computing the consistency ratio for a criterion's pair-wise comparison matrix is the next step after

developing the criterion's pair-wise comparison matrix.

converting the criterion's pair-wise comparison matrix to a normalized matrix.

developing the criterion's priority vector.

developing the overall priority vector.

Question 7

Goal equations consist of a function that defines goal achievement and deviation variables that measure the distance from the target.

True

False

Question 8

If a problem has multiple goals at different priority levels, then usually they can all be achieved.

True

False

Question 9

One limitation of a scoring model is that it uses arbitrary weights that do not necessarily reflect the preferences of the individual decision maker.

True

False

Question 10

A problem involving only one priority level is not considered a goal programming problem.

True

False

Question 11

Variables that indicate the distance a target is from the level achieved are called

goal variables.

target variables.

deviation variables.

preemptive variables.

Question 12

Preemptive priorities in goal programming

show the target values for the problem.

prevent sacrifice of a goal to satisfy a lower level one.

force the problem to be a standard linear program.

limit deviations to d only.

Question 13

The variable d- measures

the amount over the target and is similar to a slack.

the amount under the target and is similar to a slack.

the amount over the target and is similar to a surplus.

the amount under the target and is similar to a surplus.

Question 14

The constraint 5x1 + 3x2 <= 150 is modified to become a goal equation, and priority one is to avoid overutilization. Which of the following is appropriate?

Min P1d1&#61485;; 5x1 + 3x2 + d1&#61485; &#61485; d1+ = 150

Min P1d1+; 5x1 + 3x2 + d1&#61485; &#61485; d1+ = 150

Min P1d1+; 5x1 + 3x2 + d1+ = 150

Min P1d1+; 5x1 + 3x2 &#61485; d1+ = 150

Question 15

A required step in the analytic hierarchy process is to determine

the goals to be satisfied.

the expected value of the criteria.

the relative importance of a set of features based on a criterion.

how many hierarchies to use.

Question 16

The overall priorities for decision alternatives

are the sum of the products of the criterion priority times the priority of the decision alternative with respect to that criterion.

sum to 1.

indicate what choice is preferred, but do not force that choice to be made.

each of the above is true.

Question 17

The steps of the scoring model include all of the following EXCEPT:

list the decision-making criteria and assign a weight to each.

develop a pair-wise comparison matrix for each criterion.

rate how well each decision alternative satisfies each criterion.

compute the total score for each decision alternative.

Question 18

Inconsistency in the pair-wise judgments is indicated by a consistency ratio that is

less than zero

greater than 0.10

greater than 0.50

greater than 1.00

Question 19

When using a linear programming approach to solving a goal programming problem, a linear program must be solved for each

goal.

pair of deviation variables.

priority level.

pair-wise comparison.

Question 20

Objectives in multicriteria problems seldom conflict.

True

False

Question 21

Target values will never be met precisely in a goal programming problem.

True

False

Question 22

There can only be one goal at each priority level.

True

False

Question 23

To solve a goal programming problem with preemptive priorities, successive linear programming programs, with an adjustment to the objective function and an additional constraint, must be solved.

True

False

Question 24

For a scoring model, the decision maker evaluates each decision alternative using equally weighted criteria.

True

False

Question 25

If airline A is moderately preferred to airline B, at a value of 3, then airline B is compared to airline A at a value of &#61485;3.

True

False

Question 26

An item&#039;s priority reveals how it compares to its competitors on a specific criterion.

True

False

Question 27

The priority matrix shows the priority for each item on each criterion.

True

False

Question 28

A consistency ratio greater than 0.10 indicates inconsistency in the pair-wise comparisons.

True

False

Question 29

Calculating the priority of each criterion in terms of its contribution to the overall goal is known as developing the hierarchy.

True

False

Question 30

The goal programming approach can be used when an analyst is confronted with an infeasible solution to an ordinary linear program.

True

False