Antibiotic classes are reviewed
List of common antibiotic classes, mechanism of action, and examples. This is best used to review for a test. This is a Word document (.doc).
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Antibiotic classes
Macrolide
• Mechanism of Action (MOA): binds to P site of 50S ribosomal subunit, interfering w/ protein synthesis
• Effective against: Gram negative rods, anaerobic bacteria, Gram positive rods, acid-fast rods, micoplasmas
• Examples: Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
Azalide
• MOA: bacteriostatic; binds to P site of 50S ribosomal subunit, interfering w/protein synthesis
• Effective against: Gram negative rods, chlamydiae
• Example: Azithromycin
Extended spectrum cephalosporin (3rd generation)
• MOA: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis
• Effective against: gram negative rods (E. coli)
• Examples: Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefepime
Fluoroquinolone
• MOA: bactericidal; inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
• Effective against: gram negative cocci, gram negative rods, Gram positive rods
• Examples: Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin
Aminoglycosides
• MOA: bactericidal; binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis
• Effective against: acid-fast rods
• Examples: Gentamicin, Tobramycin
Tetracyclines
• MOA: bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis
• Effective against: Gram positive rods, chlamydiae, rickettsiae
• Examples: Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline
Penicillins
• MOA: bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis
• Effective against: Gram positive cocci, Gram positive rods, spirochetes
• Examples: Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin
Sulfonamides
• MOA: bacteriostatic; inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
• Example: Sulfadiazine
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