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Skin Disorders and Musculoskeletal Disorders

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Skin Disorders

1. Compare the mechanisms and possible causes of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.

2. Prepare a list of contagious skin disorders.

3. Suggest a preventative measure that could reduce the risk of skin cancer.

4. Explain why allergic responses tend to recur.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

5a. Describe each type of fracture:

(1) Compression fracture
(2) Pathologic fracture
(3) Spiral fracture

5b. Differentiate the procallus from the bony callus in the healing of a fracture.

6. Compare the changes and effects of a strain and a subluxation.

7. Compare the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and Paget's disease.

8a. Explain why the muscles of the legs of a child with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy appear large.

8b. Explain why only boys are affected by Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.

8c. Explain why a child with muscular dystrophy pulls himself up a flight of stairs.

9. Describe the characteristics of synovial fluid in:
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. gout
c. septic arthritis
d. osteoarthritis

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Questions and Answers about Skin Disorders and Musculoskeletal Disorders

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Skin Disorders/Musculoskeletal Disorders

A. Skin Disorders

(1) Compare the mechanisms and possible causes of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.

a. Allergic contact dermatitis - Allergic contact dermatitis is a hypersensitive reaction that follows absorption of antigen applied to the skin and recruitment of previously sensitized, antigen-specific T lymphocytes into the skin. The antigens are
usually low-molecular-weight substances that readily penetrate the stratum corneum. Most contact allergens are weak and require repeated exposure before sensitization occurs. Strong antigens, such as poison ivy, require only two exposures for sensitization.

b. Irritant contact dermatitis - a nonimmunologic local inflammatory reaction characterized by erythema, edema, or corrosion following single or repeated application of a chemical substance to an identical cutaneous site.

(2) Prepare a list of contagious skin disorders.

- Impetigo
- Scabies
- Lice
- Herpes Simplex

(3) Suggest a preventative measure that could reduce the risk of skin cancer.

- Avoiding both direct sunlight, and sunlight reflected from water, sand and snow.
- Shielding the skin with tightly knit clothing, long-sleeved garments andHats with broad brims.
- Using sunscreen.

(4) Explain why allergic responses tend to recur.

Allergic reactions involve ...

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