Sqrarefree Integers, Fields, Conductors and Maximal Ideals
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Let D be a squarefree integer, and let 0 be the ring of integers in the quadratic field Q(sqrtD). For any positive integer f prove that the set Of = Z[fw] = {a + bfw | a, b E Z} is a subring of 0 containing the identity. Prove that [O:Of]= f (index as additive abelian groups). Prove conversely that a subring of 0 containing the identity and having finite index f in 0 (as additive abelian group) is equal to Of. (The ring Of is called the order of conductor f in the field Q(sqrtD). The ring of integers 0 is called the maximal order in Q(sqrtD).
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Part A:
Taking two arbitrary elements of O_f,
x = a + bfω and y = c + dfω
we find that both
x + y = (a+c) + (b+d)fω
is in O_f , and
x*y = (ac+Dbd) + (ad+bc)fω
is in O_f.
Therefore O_f is a sub-ring.
Taking a = 1 and b = 0, we see that O_f contains the ...
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