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Financial Fraud And Its Consequences

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Identify at least three loopholes in the organization's existing Anti-Money Laundering Policy and propose changes which would close those loopholes for National Bank of Greece.

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The solution discusses financial fraud and its consequences.

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Greek Law on Money Laundering

The Greek law of 1995 that prevents money laundering demands that the person who "assists" in the process does so "on purpose." This seems difficult to prove. It might be quite possible for a bank employee or state regulator to be deliberately ignorant about what they (generally) know to be a scheme. Using the phrase "on purpose" seems to assume that we can know the operations of one's mind.

In Article 2, section 2, a similar phrase is used: "...knowing that such property is derived
from criminal activity..." created a huge loophole. Those involved in money laundering, we might presume, will not announce the fact to bank employees. These people go through much trouble to make certain that those who "assist" them have no idea what's going on, or at least, a vague one.

For the National Bank of Greece, in order to be on the board, one must prove a great deal of expertise on financial and banking matters (6.2). Of course, that makes sense. Yet, it is precisely these people will know how to feign ignorance about the source of money, or at the very least, to fully cover their tracks. It's a bit like a murder committed by a forensic pathologist.

It appears, from the Governors Act, that there needs to be two people for every transaction as a for of control. Then, each deposit must be described in detail, that is, its history and point of origin. Bank employees are instructed to see if there is "transactions inconsistent with their experience of a customer and his/her transactional behavior, using the appropriate and adequate documentation" (14.2).

The NBG has specific policies which employees must follow when looking for money laundering schemes. First, they must know their customer. Second, ...

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