Humans and the Demographic Transition
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What are The Demographic Transition and its four phases. Is the population stable, growing, or declining in each of the four phases? According to demographers, what factors led to a decline in the CDR and a decline in the CBR?
Not all countries have moved through all four phases of the Demographic Transition. Briefly describe living conditions and environmental impacts in developed countries that have reached Phase IV in contrast to these conditions or impacts in developing countries that remain in earlier phases.
Finally, if Phase IV of the Demographic Transition is a goal for developing countries, what programs or initiatives might assist in progress toward this goal?
What do they mean Phase IV?
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Solution Summary
Detailed definitions of the demographic transition with detailed examples.
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From about.com
[ http://geography.about.com/od/culturalgeography/a/demotransition.htm ]
page has useful links at bottom for more detail
Stage I
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, countries in Western Europe had a high CBR and CDR. Births were high because more children meant more workers on the farm and with the high death rate, families needed more children to ensure survival of the family. Death rates were high due to disease and a lack of hygiene. The high CBR and CDR were somewhat stable and meant slow growth of a population. Occasional epidemics would dramatically increase the CDR for a few years (represented by the "waves" in Stage I of the model.
Stage II
In the mid-18th century, the death rate in Western European countries dropped due to improvement in sanitation and medicine. Out of tradition and practice, the birth rate remained high. This dropping death rate but stable birth rate in the beginning of Stage II contributed to skyrocketing population growth rates. Over time, children became an added expense and were less able to contribute to the wealth of a family. For this reason, along with advances in birth control, the CBR was reduced through the 20th century in developed countries. Populations still grew rapidly but this growth began to slow down.
Many ...
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