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calculate case fatality rate

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See the attachments.

Disease / agent Illness episodes Hospitalizations Deaths
BACTERIAL
Campylobacter spp. 1 963 141 10 539 99
Clostridium perfingens 248 520 41 7
E.coli 0157 62 458 1843 52
Listeria monocytogenes 2493 2298 499
Salmonella 1 341 873 15 608 553
Vibro cholerae 49 17 0
Other known bacteria 557 031 6120 87
PARASITIC
Cryptosporidium parvum 30 000 199 7
Giardia lamblia 200 000 500 1
Toxoplasma gondii 112 500 2500 375
Other known parasites 14 690 20 0
VIRAL
Norwalk-like viruses 9 200 000 20 000 124
Rotavirus 39 000 500 0
Astrovirus 39 000 125 0
Hepatitis A 4170 90 4
TOTAL 13 814 925 60 400 1808

Table 1 estimated illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths caused by pathogens capable of being food bourne. Table 1 presents data from a study on the extent of mainly food bourne infections in a population of 275 million people during 1948 to 1997. An illness episode (or case0 refers to a period f illness resulting from a foodbourne infection (so more than one episode can be experienced by the same individual in the same year) and similarly the data on hospitalizations refer to the number of periods of inpatiant stay, not the number of people affected

Q1)
Calculate the case fatality rate for Toxoplasma gondii from above table, please show all working.

Q2)
What are the two infectious agents that pose the greatest health risk to infected individuals, for each infectious agent chosen, describe why you decided to choose them.

Q3) what is the annual incidence of illness episodes due to food bourne Campylobacter infections in the surveyed population during the period of the study- please show full working out!

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Steps to calculate case fatality rates are embedded in the solution.

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Information on how to calculate the answers to each of these problems are provided in the attachments. I have walked you step-by-step through the thought process so this should help you be able to do them on your own next time. Also, I redid the table using Excel so I have also attached that table for you.

1. To calculate case fatality rate you will divide the number of fatalities (# deaths) from a particular disease in a given population by the number of people that have that disease in the population. This provides you information about the severity of a disease. If a high number of people get sick but there are no deaths then the fatality rate is 0 and the disease is not considered very severe, but if 100 people are sick and 50 of them die then there is a case fatality rate of 50/100 = 0,5 or 50%. This would be a very severe disease because 50% of people who are sick are dying from it.

For this problem you will look in the table for the Toxoplasma gondii information. The column labeled episodes is equivalent to the number of cases

Case fatality rate = # deaths/# illness episodes = 375/112500 = 0.0034 or 0.34%

2. To determine which illness cause the greatest health ...

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