The Independence of Noise Level
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High levels of cockpit noise in an aircraft can damage the hearing of pilots who are exposed to this hazard for many hours. A Boeing 727 co-pilot collected 61 noise observations using a handheld sound meter. Noise level is defined as "Low" (under 88 decibels), "Medium" (88 to 91 decibels), or "High" (92 decibels or more). There are three flight phases (Climb, Cruise, Descent). Research question: At α = .05, is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase? (Data are from Capt. Robert E. Hartl, retired.)
Noise Level Climb Cruise Descent Row Total
Low 6 2 6 14
Medium 18 3 8 29
High 1 3 14 18
Col Total 25 8 28 61
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Solution Summary
This solution tries to determine whether the cockpit noise level is independent of the flight phase, based on α = .05.
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The question can be answered by performing a test called the Fisher exact test for all pairs of flight phase combinations. We can compare noise levels in:
1. Climb
vs
Cruise
2. Cruise
vs
Descent
3. Climb
vs
Descent
The Fishers exact test gives a P value for each test. You can ...
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