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Is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase?

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High levels of cockpit noise in an aircraft can damage the hearing of pilots who are exposed to this hazard for many hours. A Boeing 727 co-pilot collected 61 noise observations using a handheld sound meter. Noise level is defined as "Low" (under 88 decibels), "Medium" (88 to 91 decibels), or "High" (92 decibels or more). There are three flight phases (Climb, Cruise, Descent). Research question: At α = .05, is the cockpit noise level independent of flight phase? (Data are from Capt. Robert E. Hartl, retired.)

Noise Level Climb Cruise Descent Row Total
Low
6
2
6
14

Medium
18
3
8
29

High
1
3
14
18

Col Total
25
8
28
61

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Solution Summary

This solution calculates the expected values and chi square table in an attached Word document. With the chi-squared value we determine whether the noise level is independent of phase.

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