Statistics Data Set

1.
The following data set represents the repair costs (in dollars) for a random
sample of 30 dishwashers. 41.82 52.81 57.80 68.16 73.48 78.88 88.13 88.79
90.07 90.35 91.68 91.72 93.01 95.21 95.34 96.50
100.05 101.32 103.59 104.19 105.62 111.32 117.14 118.42
118.77 119.01 120.70 140.52 141.84 147.06
(a) Find the point estimate of the population mean.
(b) Find the maximum error of estimate for a 95% level of confidence.
(c) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean and
interpret the results.

5.
In a survey of 2000 adults from the U.S. age 65 and over, 1320 received a flu
shot. ( (a) Find a point estimate for the population proportion p of those receiving
flu shots.
(b) Construct a 90% confidence interval for the population proportion.
(c) Find the minimum sample size needed to estimate the population
proportion at the 99% confidence level in order to ensure that the
estimate is accurate within 4% of the population proportion.

6.
Refer to the data set in Exercise 1. Assume the population of dishwasher
repair costs is normally distributed.
(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population variance.
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population standard
deviation.

32-
Interpreting a Decision In Exercises 29-34, consider each claim. If a
hypothesis test is performed, how should you interpret a decision that
a) rejects the null hypothesis?
(b) fails to reject the null hypothesis?

32. Gas Mileage ◆ An automotive manufacturer claims the standard deviation
for the gas mileage of its models is 3.9 miles per gallon.

37. Writing Hypotheses: Refrigerator Manufacturer ◆ A refrigerator manufacturer
claims that the mean life of its refrigerators is about 15 years.You
are asked to test this claim. How would you write the null hypothesis if
(a) you represent the manufacturer and want to support the claim?
(b) you represent a consumer group and want to reject the claim?

Tea Drinkers ◆ A tea drinker's society estimates that the mean consumption
of tea by a person in the U.S. is more than 7 gallons per year. In a
sample of 100 people, you find that the mean consumption of tea is 7.8
gallons per year with a standard deviation of 2.67 gallons.At can
you support the society's claim?

35. Quitting Smoking ◆ The number of years it took a random sample of 32
former smokers to quit permanently is listed. At = 0.05, test the claim
that the mean time it takes smokers to quit smoking permanently is 15
years.
15.7 13.2 22.6 13.0 10.7 18.1 14.7 7.0 17.3 7.5 21.8
12.3 19.8 13.8 16.0 15.5 13.1 20.7 15.5 9.8 11.9 16.9
7.0 19.3 13.2 14.6 20.9 15.4 13.3 11.6 10.9 21.6

42. Weight Loss ◆ A weight loss program claims that program participants
have a mean weight loss of at least 10 pounds after one month. You work
for a medical association and are asked to test this claim. A random sample
of 30 program participants and their weight losses (in pounds) after one
month is listed below.At do you have enough evidence to reject
the program's claim?

43. Electric Usage ◆ You believe the mean annual kilowatt usage of U.S.
residential customers is less than 10,000.You do some research and find that
a random sample of 30 residential customers has a mean kilowatt usage of
9900 with a standard deviation of 280. You conduct a statistical experiment
where and At explain why you
cannot reject (Adapted from Edison Electric Institute)

44. Using Different Values of _ and n ◆ In Exercise 43, you believe that
is not valid.Which of the following allows you to reject ?
(a) Use the same values but increase from 0.01 to 0.02.
(b) Use the same values but increase from 0.01 to 0.03.
(c) Use the same values but increase n from 30 to 50.
(d) Use the same values but increase n from 30 to 100.

Extending the Basics
45. Writing ◆ Explain the difference between the classical z-test for and the
z-test for m using a P-value.
_
a
a
H0
H0
H0 .
H0: m Ú 10,000 Ha: m 6 10,000. a = 0.01,
a = 0.03,
a = 0.06,
348 CHAPTER 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
Weight Loss (in pounds)
after One Month

5 7 7 Key: 5∣ 7 = 5.7
6 6 7
7 0 1 9
8 2 2 7 9
9 0 3 5 6 8
10 2 5 6 6
11 1 2 5 7 8
12 0 7 8
13 8
14
15 0

WK3

23.
Microwave Repair Costs ◆ A microwave oven repairer says that the
mean repair cost for damaged microwave ovens is less than $100.You work
for the repairer and want to test this claim.You find that a random sample
of five microwave ovens has a mean repair cost of $75 and a standard deviation
of $12.50. At ∝ = 0.01 do you have enough evidence to support the
repairer's claim?

37)

Deciding on a Distribution In Exercises 37 and 38, decide whether you
should use a normal sampling distribution or a t-sampling distribution to perform
the hypothesis test. Justify your decision.Then use the distribution to test the claim.
Write a short paragraph about the results of the test and what you can conclude
about the claim.

37. Gas Mileage ◆ A car company says that the mean gas mileage for its
luxury sedan is at least 21 miles per gallon (mpg).You believe the claim is
incorrect and find that a random sample of 5 cars has a mean gas mileage
of 19 mpg and a standard deviation of 4 mpg. Assume the gas mileage of all
of the company's luxury sedans is normally distributed. At ∝ = 0.05,test
the company's claim.

10 and 12

Testing Claims In Exercises 10 and 12 , (a) write the claim mathematically and
identify H0 and Ha (b) find the critical values and identify the rejection regions,
(c) find the standardized test statistic, and (d) decide whether to reject or fail to
reject the null hypothesis. Then interpret the decision in the context of the
original claim

10.
Do You Eat Breakfast? ◆ A medical researcher estimates that no more
than 55% of U.S. adults eat breakfast every day. In a random sample of 250
U.S. adults, 56.4% say that they eat breakfast every day. At ∝ = 0.01is
there enough evidence to reject the researcher's claim?

12.
Just Say No to GMO ◆ An environmentalist claims that more than 50%
of British consumers want supermarkets to stop selling genetically modified
foods.You want to test this claim.You find that in a random sample of 100
British consumers, 53% say that they want supermarkets to stop selling
genetically modified foods. At ∝ = 0.10 can you support the environmentalist's
claim?

Testing Claims In Exercises 17-26, (a) write the claim mathematically and
identify and (b) find the critical value(s) and identify the rejection region(s),
(c) use the test to find the standardized test statistic, and (d) decide whether to
reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.Then interpret the decision in the context
of the original claim. Assume the populations are normally distributed.

17.
Life of Appliances ◆ A large appliance company estimates that the
variance of the life of its appliances is 3.You work for a consumer advocacy
group and are asked to test this claim.You find that a random sample of the
lives of 27 of the company's appliances has a variance of 2.8. At ∝= 0.05,
do you have enough evidence to reject the company's claim?

26.

Salaries ◆ An employment information service says that the standard
deviation of the annual salaries for public relations managers is at least
$14,500. The annual salaries for 18 randomly chosen public relations managers
are listed. At ∝= 0.10 can you reject the claim?
37,517 50,217 29,177 51,744 69,422 60,770
50,549 50,263 62,939 62,372 65,014 49,164
34,811 55,413 51,310 80,433 34,185 31,805

WK 4

For Exercises 1-8, refer to the data in the following table.The table lists the personal
income and outlays (both in trillions of dollars) for Americans for 11 recent years.

Personal Personal
income, x outlays, y
4.5 3.7
4.9 4.0
5.0 4.1
5.3 4.3
5.6 4.6
5.9 4.8
6.2 5.1
6.5 5.4
7.0 5.7
7.4 6.1
7.8 6.5

1. Construct a scatter plot for the data. Do the data appear to have a positive
linear correlation, a negative linear correlation, or no linear correlation?
Explain.
2. Calculate the correlation coefficient r.What can you conclude?
3. Test the level of significance of the correlation coefficient Use
4. Find the equation of the regression line for the data. Include the regression
line in the scatter plot.
5. Use the regression line to predict the personal outlays when the personal
income is 5.3 trillion dollars.
6. Find the coefficient of determination and interpret the results.
7. Find the standard error of estimate and interpret the results.
8. Construct a 95% prediction interval for personal outlays when personal
income is 6.4 trillion dollars. Interpret the results.
9. The equation used to predict sunflower yield (in pounds) is
y = 1257 - 1.34x1 + 1.41x2

where x1is the number of acres planted (in thousands) and x2 is the number
of acres harvested (in thousands). Use the regression equation to predict the
values for the given values of the independent variables listed below.Then
determine which variable has a greater influence on the value of y
(a) x1 = 2103, x2 = 2037 (b) x1 = 3387, x2 = 3009
(c) x1 = 2185, x2 = 1980 (d) x1 = 3485, x2 = 3404

Wk 5

1 and 3

Graphical Analysis In Exercises 1-3, use the graph below to answer the
question.

1.
Use the graph to describe the total variation about a regression line in words
and in symbols.

3.
Use the graph to describe the unexplained variation about a regression line
in words and in symbols.

11)

11. Retail Space and Sales ◆ The following table represents the total square
footage (in billions) of retailing space at shopping centers and their sales (in
billions of U.S. dollars) for 11 years.The equation of the regression line is

Total square footage, x 1.6 2.3 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.6
Sales, y 123.2 211.5 385.5 475.1 641.1 716.9
Total square footage, x 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1
Sales, y 768.2 806.6 851.3 893.8 933.9

13)

Earnings of Men and Women ? The following table represents median weekly earnings (in U.S. dollars) of full-time male and female workers for five years. The equation of the regression line is

(Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)
Median weekly earnings of male workers,x 312 419 485 538 557
Median weekly earnings of female workers,y 201 290 348 406 418

15)

Campaign Money ? The money raised and spent (both in millions of U.S. dollars) by all congressional campaigns for eight recent years are shown in the table. The data can be modeled by the regression equation = 1.020x - 25.854. (Source: Federal Election Commission)

Money raised,x 354.7 397.2 472.0 477.6
Money spent,y 342.4 374.1 450.9 459.0
Money raised,x 471.7 659.3 740.5 790.5
Money spent,y 446.3 680.2 725.2 765.3

16)

9. Fund Assets ? The following table represents the total assets (in billions of U.S. dollars) of equity funds and bond and income funds for nine years. The equation of the regression line is = 0.689x + 68.861. (Source: Investment Company Institute)

Equity funds,x 35.9 41.2 77.0 116.9 180.7
Bond and income funds,y 13.1 14 36.6 134.8 273.1

Equity funds,x 249.0 411.6 749.0 1269.0
Bond and income funds,y 304.8 441.4 761.1 798.3

Old Vehicles In Exercises 25-31, use
the information given at the right.
25. Scatter Plot ◆ Construct a scatter
plot of the data. Show and on the
graph.

26. Regression Line ◆ Find and graph
the regression line.

27. Deviation ◆ Calculate the explained
deviation, the unexplained deviation,
and the total deviation for each data
point.

28. Variation ◆ Find the (a) explained variation, (b) unexplained variation,
and (c) total variation.

29. Coefficient of Determination ◆ Find the coefficient of determination.
What can you conclude?

30. Error of Estimate ◆ Find the standard error of estimate and interpret
the results.

31. Prediction Interval ◆ Construct a 95% prediction interval for the median
age of trucks in use when the median age of cars in use is 7.3.

32. Correlation Coefficient and Slope ◆ Recall that the formula for the
correlation coefficient r is and the formula for the slope m of a regression line is
Given a set of data, why must the slope m of the data's regression line
always have the same sign as the data's correlation coefficient r?
m =
ng xy - 1g x21g y2
ng x2 - 1g x22 .
r =
ng xy - 1g x21g y2
2ng x2 - 1g x222ng y2 - 1g y22
se
y x
c = 0.90.
c = 0.95.
Trucks, y
4.9
5.4
6.0
6.9
6.5
7.7
8.1
5.9
5.8
6.3
7.6
6.5
7.6
7.8
Cars, x
Keeping cars longer.
The median age of vehicles on U.S.
roads for seven different years:
Median age in years