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Levels of Measurement and Validity

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What is an example of data that can be transformed from one level of measurement to another, and another example of data that cannot be transformed? And why is validity for measurement so difficult to establish?

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Solution Summary

An over with detail and examples of the four Levels of Measurement and Validity

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Student,

The Levels of Measurement are, in this order of increasing level:

Nominal (lowest)
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio (highest)

Data can be transformed down a level, but not up. Consider the two lowest levels, Nominal (Classification) and Ordinal (Quantity). Consider this as applied to, say, education. At the Nominal Level we could say someone has No Education, Pre-College, Some College, or College Graduate level education, for instance. At the Ordinal Level we could express the quantity of years of education, says a college sophomore has 14 years of educating, etc. Obviously, you can ...

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