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How did the Roman Catholic Church reform in the 16th century?

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How did the Roman Catholic Church reform and revitalize in the 16th century and what figures, councils, and movements were involved in this type of "Counter Reformation"?

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The following posting discusses how the Roman Catholic Church reformed and revitalized in the 16th century. It also discusses what figures, councils and movements were involved in this type of "Counter Reformation."

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The Catholic Church's Counter Reformation in the 16th-century began largely because of the Protestant Reformation. This was lead by conservative forces that focused on reforming the Church from corruption and to secure its traditions against the more liberal thinking of the Protestants and against the effects of the Renaissance.

Although the first major attempt at reform failed, Clement VII, (1523 - 34) and his reform party began working again to reform the core of resistance to Lutheranism; they founded the Theatines (1524) and ...

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