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The Fundamental Laws of Logic

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What are the 4 fundamental laws of logic in reference to critical thinking?

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This solution lists and explains the 4 fundamental laws of logic as they relate to critical thinking.

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you have asked for a description of the 4 fundamental laws of logic as they relate to critical thinking.

There were four classic laws of thought recognised in European thought of the seventeenth and eighteenth century, which held sway also during nineteenth century (while subject to greater debate). They were:

the law of noncontradiction;
the law of excluded middle ;
the principle of sufficient reason; and
the identity of indiscernibles

In this formulation they are due to Leibniz. In the approach of Continental rationalism in general, these are supposedly clear and incontestable axioms

The first two ...

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