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How did Romans relate to Non-Roman people located within and outside the Roman Empire?

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Solution Summary

This solution discusses how Romans relates to Non-Roman people located within and outside the Roman Empire. References and a supplementary article on the Roman Empire are provided are also provided.

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1. How did Romans relate to Non-Roman people located within and outside the Roman Empire?

Roman Empire, political system established by Rome that lasted for nearly five centuries. Historians usually date the beginning of the Roman Empire from 27 BC when the Roman Senate gave Gaius Octavius the name Augustus and he became the undisputed emperor after years of bitter civil war. At its peak the empire included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring territories during the Roman Republic (509-27 BC), but made wider conquests and solidified political control of these lands during the empire. The empire lasted until Germanic invasions, economic decline, and internal unrest in the 4th and 5th centuries AD ended Rome's ability to dominate such a huge territory. The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day. (See attached article for full coverage of the Roman Empire, with foreign relations examples embedded in the article).

However, let's look at the main factors that impact foreign relations in the Roman Empire.

A. Role of information in foreign relations

How did the Roman Empire use Information and Intelligence about their foreign neighbours to impact policy and treatment of foreigners within and outside the Roman Empire? In other words, if their neighbors were violent and hostile, then that would define the relationship, at least in part, between foreigners and the Roman Empire. However, allies would be more likely to be welcomed and treated with respect, at least at the upper levels. However, the emperor had a powerful impact on how the information was used and whether foreign polices were about welcome and fair treatment of foreigners, or the exact opposite.

For example...

The role of information in the foreign relations of the Roman Empire with Sasanian Persia and with the peoples living north of the Rhine and Danube from the early third to the early seventh century A.D would impact how foreigners were related to. The Roman government would includes "Background knowledge ... about the geography, environment, and socio-political character of neighbouring states and peoples" and "[s]trategic intelligence about the activities and affairs of potentially hostile neighbours...." (p. 2). In other words, the availability of information ... in terms of the general reliability of background knowledge and the broad frequency with which strategic intelligence moved between the empire and its neighbours", and the second is "the means by which this information was acquired." Would impact foreign policies related to foreigners (http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.04.08.html).

For example, Flavius (circa 359-408) had great public relations with Persia for example. Some authors also argue that the Roman Empire (ruled ...

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