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IP Addresses--Study Guide

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Please answer the following questions.

1. When a person types in a domain name such as http://www.ibm.com, how is this recognized by the computer as an IP address? How are IP addresses used?

2. Describe an IP address. Describe Class A, B, and C networks. Are a MAC address and an IP address the same thing? What network service is used to automatically assign IP addresses? Describe the four steps of the IP address lease process.

3. What is the purpose of subnetting? How does it work?

4. How do multiple computers access the Internet through a single connection? Describe how this works.

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The expert examines IP addresses. The purpose of subnetting and how it works is determined.

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Question:
IP Addresses--Study Guide
Please answer the following questions.

1. When a person types in a domain name such as http://www.ibm.com, how is this recognized by the computer as an IP address? How are IP addresses used?

2. Describe an IP address. Describe Class A, B, and C networks. Are a MAC address and an IP addressing the same thing? What network service is used to automatically assign IP addresses? Describe the four steps of the IP address lease process.

3. What is the purpose of subnetting? How does it work?

4. How do multiple computers access the Internet through a single connection? Describe how this works.

Solutions:
1.When a person types in a domain name such as http://www.ibm.com, how is this recognized by the computer as an IP address? How are IP addresses used?
Convert URL (Uniform Resource Locator) to IP Address
It is easy for humans to remember URLs (e.g. http://www.ibm.com,) but the computer cannot understand this address format. Therefore, an IP address, which a computer can read, is essential for accessing a particular web site and sometimes these are used instead of URL's.
The IP, which stands for Internet protocol, is an identifier which sends and receives information across the Internet. For example, the URL of a web page may be www.ibm.com, and its IP address 123.456.789.011. Whenever you are browsing the web, an IP address is required to communicate on the Internet. Using the IP address assigned to your computer, you can browse websites.
At present, the Internet uses Domain Name System to convert a URL to an IP address. A domain name server has numerous capabilities. The DNS maintains a list of domain names and IP addresses which are distributed throughout the Internet in a hierarchical order. A domain name server locates and translates Internet domain names or the alphanumeric text of your URLs into associated IP addresses. This is done by checking your URL with the IP address lookup tables in the C:windows directory in your computer's hard drive or from the database on your Domain Name Server (DNS).
A host name is the unique name of a machine. When the host operating system is set up it is given a name. This name may reflect the prime use of the machine. For example, a host machine that converts host names to IP addresses using DNS may be called dns.hcidata.com and a host machine that is a web server may be called www.hcidata.com. When we need to find the host name from an IP address we send a request to the host using its IP address. The host will respond with its host name.
The IP address assigned to a computer may change frequently because of physical moves or network reconfigurations. The major advantage of the network of DNS servers is that domain names stay the same even when IP addresses change, and so the domain name servers can transparently take care of the mapping.

2. Describe an IP address. Describe Class A, B, and C networks. Are a MAC address and an IP addressing the same thing? What network service is used to automatically assign IP addresses? Describe the four steps of the IP address lease process.
IP Addresses
Each computer on the Internet has a unique numerical address, called an Internet Protocol (IP) address, used to route packets to it across the Internet.
Just as your postal address enables the postal system to send mail to your house from anywhere around the world, your computer's IP address gives the Internet routing protocols the unique information they need to route packets of information to your desktop from anywhere across the Internet.
If a machine needs to contact another by a domain name, it first looks up the corresponding IP address with the domain name service. The IP address is the geographical descriptor of the virtual world, and the addresses of both source and destination systems are stored in the header of every packet that flows across the Internet.
You can find your IP address on a Windows computer by opening an MSDOS or Command window and typing one of "winipcfg" or "ipconfig". You can find your IP address on a Mac computer by checking your Network control panel. No matter what electronic device you are using and where you are, if you are connected to the web you can visit the following sites to dynamically find your IP address in real time:
Format. An IP address is made up of four bytes of information (totaling 32 bits) expressed as four numbers between 0 and 255 shown separated by periods. For example, your computer's IP address might be 238.17.159.4, which is shown below in human-readable decimal form and in the binary form used on the Internet.

Example IP ...

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