Financial management concepts

Question # C2

The Landis Corporation had 2004 sales of $100 million. The balance sheet items that vary directly with sales and the profit margin are as follows:

Percent
Cash................................................. 5%
Accounts receivable....................... 15
Inventory........................................... 25
Net fixed assets.............................. 40
Accounts payable........................... 15
Accruals........................................... 10
Profit margin after taxes................. 6%

The dividend payout rate is 50 percent of earnings, and the balance in retained earnings at the beginning of the year 2005 was $33 million. Common stock and the company's long term bonds are constant at $10 million and $5 million, respectively. Notes payable are currently $12 million.

a. How much additional external capital will be required for next year if sales increase 15 percent? (Assume that the company is already operating at full capacity.)
b. What will happen to external fund requirements if Landis Corporation reduces the payout ratio, grows at a slower rate, or suffers a decline in its profit margin? Discuss each of these separately.
c. Prepare a pro forma balance sheet for 2005 assuming that any external funds being acquired will be in the form of notes payable. Disregard the information in part b in answering this question (that is, use the original information and part a in constructing your pro forma balance sheet).

Question # C3
Midland Chemical Co. is negotiating a loan from Manhattan Bank and Trust. The small chemical company needs to borrow $500,000.

The bank offers a rate of 8 ¼ percent with a 20 percent compensating balance requirement, or as an alternative, 9 ¾ percent with additional fees of $5,500 to cover services the bank is providing. In either case the rate on the loan is floating (changes as the prime interest rate changes). The loan would be for one year.

a. Which loan carries the lower effective rate? Consider fees to be the equivalent of other interest.
b. If the loan with a 20 percent compensating balance requirement were to be paid off in 12 monthly payments, what would the effective rate be? (Principal equals amount borrowed minus the compensating balance.)
c. Assume the proceeds from the loan with the compensating balance requirement will be used to take cash discounts. Disregard part b about installment payments and use the loan cost from part a.

If the terms of the cash discount are 1.5/10, net 50, should the firm borrow the funds to take the discount?

d. Assume the firm actually takes 80 days to pay its bills and would continued to do so in the future if it did not take the cash discount. Should the company take the cash discount?
e. Because the interest rate on the loans is floating, it can go up as interest rates go up. Assume that the prime rate goes up by 2 percent and the quoted rate on the loan goes up the same amount. What would then be the effective rate on the loan with compensating balances? Convert the interest to dollars as the first step in your calculation.
f. In order to hedge against the possible rate increase described in part e, the Midland Chemical Co. decides to hedge its position in the futures market. Assume it sells $500,000 worth of 12-month futures contracts on Treasury bonds. One year later, interest rates go up 2 percent across the board and the Treasury bond futures have gone down to $488,000. Has the firm effectively hedged the 2 percent increase in interest rates on the bank loan as described in part e? Determine the answer in dollar amounts.