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Do the results justify the conclusions?

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A few random results for you to ponder...do the results justify the conclusions? Why or why not? Give a reason why the conclusions don't necessarily follow from the statement.

1. In the NFL, teams win more often when they score 13 points than when they score 14. Thus, scoring points is bad.

2.Often when people use regression analysis to estimate the effect of police officers or police spending on crime, they find that cities with larger police forces/budgets have higher crime rates. Therefore, police cause crime.

3. As ice cream sales increase, so to do drowning deaths. Thus, ice cream causes people to drown.

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The results justifying conclusions are examined.

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1. In the NFL, teams win more often when they score 13 points than when they score 14. Thus, scoring points is bad.

If the team scores 6 for two touchdowns and one point for one of the kicks - the other team may be able to beat them because they missed the one point on the other touchdown. If the team scores both touchdowns @6 each and then both points, they are in a better standing and have the advantage. So, scoring points is not bad. Scoring the full amount of points for a touchdown ...

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