If variables are dropped, recompute the regression equation and R2.

(See attached file for full problem description)

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The owner of Maumee Ford-Mercury wants to study the relationship between the age of a car and its selling price. Listed below is a random sample of 12 used cars sold at the dealership during the last year.

a. If we want to estimate selling price based on the age of the car, which variable
is the dependent variable and which is the independent variable?
The age is the dependent variable, and the selling price is the independent variable.

b. Draw a scatter diagram.

c. Determine the coefficient of correlation.
r = ∑(x-x)(y-y) r = 82.9
(n-1)SxSy (12-1)(2.234)(1.968) = .5833

d. Determine the coefficient of determination.
(.583)2 = .340

e. Interpret these statistical measures. Does it surprise you that the relationship is inverse?
The coefficient of correlation in this example is fairly weak. There is a considerable amount of scatter between the variables. In order for the correlation to be perfect, we would have a coefficient of either -1.0 or 1.0. Because our numbers fall outside of those numbers, we must determine whether the correlation is strong or weak. The terms "strong" and "weak" do not really tell us a lot, so we must turn to the coefficient of determination, which recognizes proportion or percentage. We can therefore say that there is a 34% chance that a relationship exists between the age of a car and its sales price. The inverse relationship is really not a surprise as one number is above the mean and the other is below.

Use Excel to do a scatter plot and to run the regression to get answers to c and d.
SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.543646
R Square 0.295551
Adjusted R Square 0.225106
Standard Error 1.732105
Observations 12

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 12.58729 12.58729 4.195499 0.067702
Residual 10 30.00188 3.000188
Total 11 42.58917

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Intercept 11.17724 2.143271 5.215037 0.000393 6.401732 15.95274 6.401732 15.95274
X Variable 1 -0.47876 0.233734 -2.04829 0.067702 -0.99955 0.042036 -0.99955 0.042036

We are studying mutual bond funds for the purpose of investing in several funds. For this particular study, we want to focus on the assets of a fund and its five-year performance. The question is: Can the five-year rate of return be estimated based on the assets of the fund? Nine mutual funds were selected at random, and their assets and rates of return are shown below.

a. Draw a scatter diagram.

b. Compute the coefficient of correlation.
r = 3504.5
(9-1)(182.943)(1.705) = 1.404

c. Compute the coefficient of determination.
(1.404)2 = 1.97

d. Write a brief report of your findings for parts b and c.
Since the coefficient of correlation is above +1.0 and the scattering considerable, the relation between these variables is fairly weak. The same can be said for the coefficient of determination. This information further tells us that we cannot simply look at the fund that has paid out the most. The percentages tell us much more than the totals. By attempting to relate these numbers we are easily able to see which funds are best performing over the five-year period.

e. Determine the regression equation. Use assets as the independent variable.
b = 1.404(182.94/1.70) = 151.084

f. For a fund with $400.0 million in sales, determine the five-year rate of return
(in percent).
I can't calculate this one without more information.

Use Excel to do the scatter plot and to get the various measures by running a regression
Scatter plot above. Regression:

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.046051
R Square 0.002121
Adjusted R Square -0.14043
Standard Error 1.752318
Observations 9

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 0.045679 0.045679 0.014876 0.906352
Residual 7 21.49432 3.070617
Total 8 21.54

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Intercept 9.919827 1.384941 7.162636 0.000183 6.644962 13.19469 6.644962 13.19469
X Variable 1 -0.00039 0.003225 -0.12197 0.906352 -0.00802 0.007232 -0.00802 0.007232

Chapter 14, exercise number 22 page 510
A mortgage department of a large bank is studying its recent loans. Of particular interest is how such factors as the value of the home (in thousands of dollars), education level of the head of the household, age of the head of the household, current monthly mortgage payment (in dollars), and sex of the head of the household (male _ 1, female _ 0) relate to the family income. Are these variables effective predictors of the income of the household? A random sample of 25 recent loans is obtained.

a. Determine the regression equation.
SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.71965
R Square 0.517896
Adjusted R Square 0.496935
Standard Error 0.745724
Observations 25

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 13.74 13.74 24.70758 5.02E-05
Residual 23 12.7904 0.556104
Total 24 26.5304

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Intercept 35.88886 0.826168 43.44016 1.4E-23 34.1798 37.59792 34.1798 37.59792
X Variable 1 0.026235 0.005278 4.970672 5.02E-05 0.015317 0.037153 0.015317 0.037153

b. What is the value of R2? Comment on the value.
The value of R2 is .517896. This figure typically denotes the percentage of variation in the dependent variable accounted for by the independent predictor variables. The R2 can be adjusted to consider the sample size and can be used to compare independent variables.

c. Conduct a global hypothesis test to determine whether any of the independent
variables are different from zero.
SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.71965
R Square 0.517896
Adjusted R Square 0.496935
Standard Error 0.745724
Observations 25

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 13.74 13.74 24.70758 5.02E-05
Residual 23 12.7904 0.556104
Total 24 26.5304

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Intercept 35.88886 0.826168 43.44016 1.4E-23 34.1798 37.59792 34.1798 37.59792
X Variable 1 0.026235 0.005278 4.970672 5.02E-05 0.015317 0.037153 0.015317 0.037153

RESIDUAL OUTPUT

Observation Predicted Y Residuals
1 40.87351 -0.57351
2 39.06329 0.536705
3 40.11269 0.687306
4 40.11269 0.187306
5 40.58492 -0.58492
6 38.48613 -0.38613
7 38.87965 1.52035
8 41.18833 -0.48833
9 40.7161 0.083901
10 38.25001 -1.15001
11 40.63739 -0.73739
12 39.64046 0.759535
13 39.35188 -1.35188
14 39.2207 -0.2207
15 39.90281 -0.40281
16 39.69293 0.907065
17 40.45375 -0.15375
18 40.53245 -0.43245
19 40.82104 0.878961
20 39.90281 0.197186
21 39.82411 0.775891
22 40.42751 -0.02751
23 40.16516 0.734836
24 39.82411 0.275891
25 39.53552 -1.03552

d. Conduct individual hypothesis tests to determine whether any of the
independent variables can be dropped.

e. If variables are dropped, recompute the regression equation and R2.
Use Excel!