Hypothesis/Null Haypothesis
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3-8. For each of the following, (a) indicate what two populations are being compared, (b) state the research hypothesis, (c) state the null hypothesis, and (d) say whether you should use a onetailed or two-tailed test and why.
(i) Do Canadian children whose parents are librarians do better than Canadian children in general on reading ability?
(ii) Is the level of income for residents of a particular city different from the level of income for people in the region?
(iii) Do people who have experienced an earthquake have more or less self-confidence than the general population?
(iv) Based on anthropological reports in which the status of women is scored on a 10-point scale, the mean and standard deviation across many cultures are known. A new culture is found in which there is an unusual family arrangement. The status of women is also rated in this culture. Do cultures with this kind of unusual family arrangement provide higher status to women than cultures in general?
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For determining the two populations, you need to look at the description for the study and see how you can sort these into two groups.
For determining the research hypothesis, you have to figure out what you want to prove.
For the null hypothesis, what do you want to disprove?
For whether it should be one-tailed or two-tailed, you have to determine if the test results will be useful regardless of the answer (two-tailed) or if only the null hypothesis is rejected (one-tailed). As per http://www.psychstat.missouristate.edu/introbook/sbk25.htm "The one-tailed t-test is performed if the results are interesting only if they turn out in a particular direction. The two-tailed t-test is performed if the results would be interesting in either direction. The choice of a one- or two-tailed t-test affects the hypothesis testing procedure in a number of different ways. "
So, for the first question, do Canadian children whose parents are librarians do better than Canadian children in general on reading ability?
a. The two populations are ...
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