Current-Period Income Effect- Four Earnings Management Approaches
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In a study of how managers attempt to manage earnings, researchers analyzed a sample of 515 earnings- management attempts from a survey of experienced auditors. The frequency of effects is summarized
in the table shown. Research question: At α = .01, is the effect on earnings independent of the approach used?
Current-Period Income Effect of Four Earnings Management Approaches
Approach Used
Increase Decrease No Clear Effect Total
Expenses and Other Losses 133 113 23 269
Revenue and Other Gains 86 20 8 114
Business Combinations 12 22 33 67
Other Approaches 41 4 20 65
Col Total 272 159 84 515
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Solution Summary
The solution examines the current-period income effect of four earnings management approaches. The frequency of the effects is used for these calculations.
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