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Particle & Astronomy Questions

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1. What is a particle accelerator? How do scientists use particle accelerators to study subatomic particles?
2. What particle is exchanged to generate each of the four fundamental forces?
3. What medical technologies (e.g. PET) rely on the physics of elementary particles?
What are the benefits of noninvasive procedures such as PET?
4. How is astronomy the oldest science?
5. How does the energy produced at the core of the Sun reach the photosphere?
6. Why won't the Sun become a supernova or black hole?
7. Why does the existence of the cosmic redshift lead to the big bang picture of the universe?
8. If a galaxy is 1,000 Mpc away, how fast is it receding from us?
9. The average temperature of the universe is 2.7 Kelvin. What is that temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?
10. The Milky Way has a radius of approximately 100,000 light years. How many miles is that? How long would it take you to travel across our galaxy if you were traveling at 50% the speed of light

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Solution Summary

This solution provides to-the-point and clearly explained answers to ten questions, including three numerical problems. Students will find this solution very helpful, clarifying the basic concepts.

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Recent Feedback
  • "Thankyou for the feedback. I have a few question though; With the first statistic about cost below... “According to Sigma-Aldrich catalog, cost of 1L octane is AUD $ 392.00, whereas the cost of 1L ethanol is AUD $196.00. Moreover, if ethanol is obtained from sugar industry as a by-product, it may cost even less. Source of oxygen is ambient atmosphere, so it costs nothing. So ethanol is much cheaper than petrol, in fact it is half-priced: AUD $ (392-196) = $ 196.” I didn't think it made sense because the cost of petrol per litre is normally a dollar something or even less than a dollar not a couple of hundred of dollars. For example, a statistic that I found in america was: "U.S. ethanol production costs are about $1.20 per gallon of ethanol, or $1.82 per gallon on a gasoline-equivalent basis." However, I was wondering whether you could find an Australian statistic. Also, you mentioned that H20 is not a greenhouse gas. However, in the combustion equations it is actually carbon dioxide and water vapour which are produced and they are both greenhouse gases. Finally, how do I calculate the energy efficiency of ethanol and petrol? "
  • "Thank you!"
  • "Didnt really answer my questions but gave me a start at least."
  • "Once again this is tremendous help I can't thank you enough for not only working the problem but explaining in detail how and why!! KR"
  • "Awesome thank you so much for the help!!!"
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