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Sentencing reforms

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Please help on answering the following question on sentencing Guidelines(Presumptive/mandatory and descriptive/voluntary) using scholarly resources.

1. Explain, In general, what the reform is and the desired impact of the reform.

2. Explain the justification for the implementation of the reform.

3. Discuss an example of the reform at the state or federal level.

4. Discuss the actual impact of the reform on the criminal Justice system.

5. Did the reform have the intended effect? Did the reform have collateral or unforeseen consequences? if yes, what were they?

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Please help on answering the following question on sentencing Guidelines(Presumptive/mandatory and descriptive/voluntary) using scholarly resources.

1. Explain, In general, what the reform is and the desired impact of the reform.
The reform is a set of standards that help decide the punishment that a convicted criminal should get on the basis of the type of crime and the offender's history. Actually these rules give a sentencing range for a specified offense and a particular defendant. These guidelines give a uniform sentencing policy for defendants that have been convicted in the U.S. federal courts system.
The sentencing guidelines take into account the seriousness of the offense and the defendant's criminal history.
The desired impact of bringing in uniformity in sentencing has been fulfilled to an extent because the system of base offense level, specific offense characteristics, adjustment, criminal history and determining the guideline range have become an important part of sentencing. A judge may give a sentence beyond the guideline range, but that may be appealed against (1).

2. Explain the justification for the ...

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