Financial analysis of Joe's Enterprises

I need help with a case study on a business plan proposal, attached. I am completely lost. I need the expertise of someone familiar with accounting and financing. The object of this case study is to review the attached business plan and determine if it is a viable business plan why or why not and develop an analysis and a preliminary financial analysis to determine if this firm will provide the necessary capital to the company.
The final part of the Case Study assignment is to write a brief analysis of what Joe's did right and wrong in the development of their business plan and what you would recommend to Joe's management to improve its profitability and competitiveness.

Week 8 Joe's Case Analysis
The Case Study for the Joe's Business Plan is attached to this Assignment. Joe's Enterprises for Fast Food would like to borrow ($1,000,000) one million dollars for three years.
You will be taking the role of an investor or bank lender to determine if your firm would lend Joe's the one million dollars. The attached Word document contains the abbreviated Joe's business plan and financials.
Each student needs to develop their own analysis and a preliminary financial analysis to determine if your firm will provide the necessary capital to the company. In your analysis - explain why you made your decision and what criteria you used to make the decision. Play close attention to business strategies.
The final part of the Case Study assignment is to write a brief analysis of what Joe's did right and wrong in the development of their business plan and what you would recommend to Joe's management to improve its profitability and competitiveness.
Make sure that you include a brief Executive Summary at the beginning of the Case Analysis.
The Page Limit is a maximum of 5 pages. (Spacing and formatting is optional.)
The information contained in the BBC and Joe's Business Plan case studies are copyrighted and cannot be altered. In your case analysis papers you can use the dates given in the plans or revise the dates to the present so that you can use current data for your financial projections and analysis.

Joe's Executive Summary

Joe's Enterprises for Fast Food, Inc. is a small food service company incorporated in 2001 in Illinois that specializes in providing high-quality fast food via company-owned portable carts in high-density urban office locations. The business is operated under the name Joe's Redhots. This plan recommends that the board of directors approve borrowing $1 million from ABC bank to expand marketing and distribution of its current six-cart operation in downtown Chicago. Net profit return on investment in three years is estimated at 243 percent for the $1 million in funding, after pay back.

Joe's Redhots estimates 2005 sales to reach $3 million, with net earnings of $212,500 (7.1 percent of sales). Sales are expected to reach $12 million, with net earnings of $1,280,100 (10.7 percent), by the end of 2008. Joe's has six contracts and options for 24 more contracts with office buildings on Michigan Avenue and other locations in Chicago for indoor/outdoor year-around food service. These high-traffic locations generate an average of $300,000 in annual sales per cart (i.e., 1,000 sales per week @$6.00 average per sale). Joe's has grown to annual sales of $1.8 million in three years with net earnings of $128,900 (7.2 percent), from a single cart in 1997.

Sales Estimates (in $1,000's)
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Sales $1,800 $3,000 $6,000 $9,000 $12,000
Cost of Goods 540 900 1,800 2,700 3,600
Gross sales revenues 1,260 2,100 4,200 6,300 8,400
Overhead 860 1,428 2,643 3,844 5,034
Marketing 180 300 600 900 1,200
Earnings before interest and taxes 220 372 957 1,555 2,166
Taxes and interest 91 159 445 663 886
Net $129 $213 $512 $892 $1,280

Business Positioning Strategy
Joe's Redhots sells premium-quality hot dogs and other ready-to-eat luncheon products to upscale business people in high-traffic urban locations. Joe's Redhots is positioned versus other luncheon street vendors as the "best place to have a quick lunch." Reasons why are that Joe's Redhots have the cleanest carts, the most hygienic servers, the purest, freshest, products, and the best values. Prices are at a slight premium to reflect this superior vending service. Joe's Redhots also is known for its fun and promotional personality, offering consumers something special every week for monetary savings and fun.
Each of the carts carries a sign saying "Joe's Redhots?Satisfy yourself for $2.00! You deserve it!" The message is targeted to all passing potential customers who want to indulge themselves inexpensively with a hot dog. There also may be a subliminal message for sinful or forbidden indulgence, too, since most hot dogs are high in fat and unsaturated fats. This unique selling proposition is self-targeting since only consumers who like hot dogs and feel that they deserve an inexpensive indulgence will believe this message is meaningful to them. The benefits of this message are relatively unique: "inexpensive satisfaction plus indulgence." Informal, qualitative research revealed that the target market of busy office workers are constantly in conflict with themselves about wanting a juicy, delicious hot dog and trying to watch the fats and amount of meat in their diets.
Moreover, the hot dogs that Joe's Redhots serves aren't high in fat. They are high quality, all natural products with no preservatives or harmful chemicals. Joe's Redhots vendors make it a point to let customers know that indulging themselves is both inexpensive and healthy. Although the signs emphasize hot dogs, each of Joe's carts offers an extensive menu of healthy and reasonably priced food.
Marketing Strategy
Joe's Redhots was created to attain leadership of mobile, cart serving-units in large urban business centers. Joe's targets upscale, urban office workers seeking fast, convenient, portable, breakfast and lunch meals. Each cart, which costs about $20,000, is capable of housing enough food to serve about 200 to 250 meals per day.
Joe's differentiates and positions its business from the competitive fast food and other take-out restaurants with its products (providing high-nutrition, 100 percent all-natural, no artificial ingredients, colors, additives or preservatives convenience foods and snacks), its concern for the environment (biodegradable, recyclable containers/wrappers and PR tie-ins), and its service (a no-questions-asked money-back guarantee of all products sold and the best-trained company server personnel in the category).
Joe's Redhots food products are priced at parity with, or at a slight premium over, competitive offerings, whether all-natural or not. Extensive promotional activity, including free samples and daily specials, help to ensure that Joe's customers perceive that they are receiving higher quality products and prompt, courteous service in exchange for the slight premium in price.
Joe's Redhots has been successful in establishing contract alliances with real estate management companies for permanent lease sites inside and outside key office buildings, and for cooperative sale of beverages and minor snack items through existing lobby shops. All existing leases permit storage of the vending cart at a secure site within the building in which it operates.
Customer loyalty is encouraged with development and promotion of new and revolving seasonal menu selections each quarter, daily customer sampling, and bonus specials. Training includes "friendly personality" recruiting, a minimum of six hours of company training, mentoring, and apprentice management programs.
Advertising and Promotion
To support its expansion efforts, Joe's Redhots considered using popular media, such as TV, radio, and newspapers to advertise, along with promotional free product samples and coupons. However, informal discussions with suppliers revealed that competitors in the downtown office area were spending little or no money to promote and advertise their cart luncheon business. It appears that the most successful hot dog cart operations spent about 5 percent of net sales revenue for promotion and advertising. Because this business plan anticipates rapid growth through the addition of new carts, Joe's Redhots plans to spend at least 10 percent of net sales during the first year.
Based on this decision, advertising and promotional possibilities were prioritized in order of probable effectiveness, with estimated costs:

Advertising Promotion
TV ($500/30-second ad/station) Free samples ($25/day @$0.25 each)
Radio ($50-100/60-second ad/station) Coupons ($5/day @$.025 each)
Newspaper ads ($500/ad) Frequent purchase book ($15/day)
Cart signage ($100) Soft drink premiums (supplied by drink companies)
Flyers ($100 @$0.10 each)

In performing the research into advertising and promotions, it was determined that any broadcast option involved additional production costs that were at least as much as the cost of running a single ad. In addition, at least four or five ads had to be run per station to be effective. Breakeven cost coverage would be exorbitant, with over a year's estimated sales needed just to pay for a small TV and radio campaign. And it would be difficult to advertise with available media just to the target group of office workers within a radius of six city blocks. All electronic and print media expenses were also well over the 10 percent budget limit.
Based on this analysis, Joe's Redhots decided to have each cart painted ($100) with a clever message, hand out 1,000 flyers ($100) over three months to offices, and do the soft drink premium program (collect can tabs for free gifts provided by local soft drink distributors). Beyond that, efforts would be made to get free PR coverage through local newspapers and downtown TV and radio stations by sending free samples to editorial staff before lunch. Joe's Redhots can afford to hand out flyers and samples all year long and stay within the 10 percent budget limit. If business is better than expected, the extra income will be used to accelerate the purchase of additional carts.
Promotions that will be undertaken to support the business expansion will consist of free samples of prepackaged breakfast and lunch items, bonus days (e.g., free salad days with meal purchase). Other marketing expenditures will be for items such as coupons and frequent buyer card promotions.
These activities will help establish Joe's Redhots as the only fast food operator in the greater Chicago area that gives out free samples continuously throughout the year, and provides a bonus day free side dish program. In the past, this program has been instrumental in growing the business and maintaining loyal customers despite lower price "value meal" promotions with other area fast food restaurants (e.g., McDonald's, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, White Hen Pantry, etc.).
Market and distribution situation
The company has a unique advantage in the food service market when compared to regular restaurants and other cart vendor operators. Indoor/outdoor location mobility, efficiency in size, significantly lower overhead, pre-packed portion control products, elimination of cooks or chefs, lower cost-of-goods, elimination of cooking and accompanying equipment and elimination of wait/bus staff provide an overall savings in basic cost of goods and services estimated at 50 percent when compared to ordinary restaurants offering similar pricing per meal.
Joe's Redhots is also protected from existing and new competitors via an aggressive space lease contract and option program in key high-traffic office buildings in Chicago. The company is also the only food cart operation with a company-owned mobile cold-storage vehicle to supply company carts as needed. The company is also exploring the possibility of starting its own canteen warehouse to prepare and supply food items, to further lower the cost of goods and expand new menu selections as new cart locations are achieved.
Product advantage
Joe's Redhots has the highest quality of product image for any cart vendor or fast-food operation in the Chicago area, evidenced by numerous media editorials, customer surveys, and the company's own competitive menu surveys of adjacent area competitive food service outlets. The company's products are 100 percent all-natural, with 30 percent of meal items and snacks qualifying as "low fat," at less than four grams fat per serving. Nutritional product information on all products is also available on request from consumers.
Joe's Redhots varies menu items weekly, with three "specials" per day at a discounted price. Seasonal menu variations include more soups, chili, stews, and hot drinks during winter months, and more salads and frozen/cold items (e.g., Italian ices) during summer months.
Joe's Redhots specializes in pre-packaged, all-natural breakfast and lunch sandwiches, salads, soups, and snacks. Low-fat mayonnaise, fresh vegetable toppings and fruits, low-sodium meats, fresh-baked whole-grain breads, and hand-made soups, stews and side dishes provide a unique menu selection for customers. All ingredients are made without artificial colors, additives, or preservatives, another source of product uniqueness when compared to the competition. Joe's Redhots co-ops sales of all-natural beverages from existing office tobacco/candy shops in each building, increasing sales for both businesses.
All Joe's Redhots employees and cart operators are screened for scholastic achievement (i.e., top 30 percent of students) and receive six hours of entry-level customer service training. Cart managers must have a minimum of one year of experience and training with the company.
Key personnel
Joe Hirasawa, company founder and president, graduated from the University of Wisconsin and has several years of food service experience as a chef and restaurant manager, in several of the Chicago area's top restaurants. His family owns a convenience food products company that sells primarily to distributors, and utilizes sales brokers. Joe grew up with work experience in almost every phase of the family business. He has traveled the world extensively, studying food service techniques and food nutrition as practiced by restaurants worldwide. He is fluent in Spanish and Italian, and is an active member of the Food Industry Advisory Board for the Pan-American Restaurant Association. In 2001, he was the recipient of the Entrepreneur-of-the-Year award from the Chicago Restaurant Owners Association.
Company valuation and return on investment (ROI)
Joe's Redhots is committed to increasing shareholder valuation by increasing sales and net profits, along with consideration of sale, merger, joint-ventures and possible issuance of stock in public markets at a future date. Company valuation is estimated conservatively at $7.7 million to $12.8 million (i.e., six to 10 times net earnings) in five years.

Joe's Redhots 5-Year Forecast ( in $1,000's)
YEAR '05 % '06 % '07 % '08 % '09 %
SALES $3,000 100 $6,000 100 $9,000 100 $12,000 100 $15,000 100
Cost of Goods 900 30 1800 30 2700 30 3600 30 4500 30
GROSS MARGIN $2,100 70.0 $4,200 70.0 $6,300 70.0 $8,400 70.0 $10,500 70.0
OPERATING EXPENSES
Ads/Promotion 300 10.0 600 10.0 900 10.0 1200 10.0 1500 10.0
R & D 15 0.5 15 0.3 23 0.3 30 0.3 37 0.3
Dues/Subscriptions 3 0.1 6 0.1 9 0.1 12 0.1 15 0.1
Freight 12 0.4 24 0.4 36 0.4 48 0.4 60 0.4
Insurance 30 1.0 39 0.7 45 0.5 60 0.5 75 0.5
Maintenance 3 0.1 6 0.1 9 0.1 12 0.1 15 0.1
Materials 150 5.0 300 5.0 450 5.0 600 5.0 750 5.0
Miscellaneous 60 2.0 78 1.3 85 1.0 90 0.8 105 0.7
Office Supplies 90 3.0 120 2.0 135 1.5 150 1.3 150 1.0
Outside Services 30 1.0 60 1.0 90 1.0 120 1.0 150 1.0
Accounting/Legal 30 1.0 45 0.8 67 0.8 72 0.6 75 0.5
Lease Equipment 45 1.5 90 1.5 135 1.5 180 1.5 225 1.5
Lease Facilities 45 1.5 90 1.5 135 1.5 180 1.5 225 1.5
Telephone 15 0.5 30 0.5 45 0.5 60 0.5 75 0.5
Travel/Entertainment 15 0.5 30 0.5 45 0.5 60 0.5 75 0.5
Utilities 15 0.5 30 0.5 45 0.5 60 0.5 75 0.5
Sales Commissions 150 5.0 300 5.0 450 5.0 600 5.0 750 5.0
Wages and Salaries 600 20.0 1200 20.0 1800 20.0 2400 20.0 3000 20.0
Total Expenses $1,608 53.6 $3,063 51.1 $4,504 50.1 $5,934 49.5 $7,357 49.1
EBDIT* $492 16.4 $1,137 19.0 $1,796 20.0 $2,466 20.6 $3,143 21.0
Depreciation 120 4.0 180 3.0 240 2.7 300 2.5 360 2.4
EBIT** $372 12.4 $957 16.0 1,556 17.3 $2,166 18.1 $2,783 18.6
Interest Expense 45 1.5 67 1.1 90 1.0 113 0.9 135 0.9
Pretax Earnings $327 10.9 $890 14.8 $1,466 16.3 $2,053 17.1 $2,648 17.7
Income Taxes 114 3.8 378 6.3 573 6.4 773 6.4 975 6.5
Net Income (Loss) $213 7.1 $512 8.5 $893 9.9 $1,280 10.7 $1,673 11.1
*Earnings before depreciation, interest, and taxes
**Earnings before interest and taxes

Balance Sheet as of 6/30/04
Assets Liabilities
Current assets Current liabilities
Cash $5,000 Accounts payable $11,650
Accounts receivable 0 Short-term notes payable 0
Inventory 10,400 Long-term notes payable 7,450
Prepaid expenses 3,600 Current site leases payable 1,200
Temporary investments 0 Sales taxes payable 2500
Total current assets $19,000 Employment taxes payable 2150
Long-term assets Accrued payroll 4,400
real property $185,000 Total current liabilities $29,350
vehicles 38,000 Long-term liabilities
vending carts 120,000 Vending cart loans $32,000
food preparation equipment 24,350 Mobile storage vehicle loan 26,750
food storage equipment 13,500 Mortgage 144,700
furniture and equipment 7,400 Total long-term liabilities $203,450
(less depreciation) (32,875) Total liabilities $232,800
Total long-term assets $355,375 Owner's equity $141,575
Total assets $374,375 Total liabilities & owner's equity $374,375