Two Particle system in inertial frames, and Newtonian Relativity.
See the attached file.
The question starts,
Consider an isolated system comprising two particles of masses m1 and m2. Whose position vectors, in an inertial frame, are x1 and x2 and whose velocity vectors are v1 and v2. The interaction of the particles may be described by an energy function.
E=1/2m1v1^2+1/2m2v2^2+U(x1,x2)
i)
Which aspect of Newtonian relativity requires U to depend only on the separation vector x1 - x2?
The question goes on to ask six more questions, two regarding this function and four regarding inertial frames and transformations between frames in general.
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See the attached file.
The answers are explained in the attached Word file which was created from the file you uploaded, with my remarks added in the red of "Track changes".
Question 1
Consider an isolated system comprising two particles of masses m1 and m2. Whose position
vectors, in an inertial frame, are x1 and x2 and whose velocity vectors are v1 and v2.
The interaction of the particles may be described by an energy function.
i)
Which aspect of Newtonian relativity requires U to depend only on the separation vector
x1 - x2?
Homogeneity of space: the laws of physics are the same everywhere
ii)
Which further aspect of Newtonian relativity requires U to depend only on the magnitude r
= | x1 - x2| of the separation vector?
Isotropy of space: all the directions are equivalent
iii)
Suppose that U = -k/r2, where k is a positive constant. ...
Solution Summary
The solution examines two particle systems in inertial frames and Newtonian Relativity.