Mechanics of Composite Materials
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1. A glass/epoxy laminate with a fiber orientation of 30 degrees is subjected to a shear stress t_xy (or tau_xy) which can be positive or negative.
a) Determine the maximum positive and negative shear stresses that can be applied to the laminate using Tsai-Hill failure criterion.
b) Determine the reserve factors for t_xy = + 10 MPa and for t_xy = - 10 MPa. Note that the reserve factor is given by R = 1/Fl.
DATA: Ultimate strength values for glass/epoxy are:
sigma hat_1T = 1000 MPa
sigma hat_2T = 40 MPa
tau hat_12 = 80 MPa
sigma hat_1C = -800 MPa
sigma hat_2C = - 120 MPa
FORMULAE: Tsai-Hill failure criterion is given by:
Fl = [(sigma_1)/(sigma hat_1)]^2 - (sigma_1 * (sigma_2)/(sigma hat_1)^2 + [(sigma_2)/(sigma hat_2)]^2 + [(t_12)/(t hat_12)]^2 <= 1,
where sigma hat indicates the ultimate strength value given in the data.
2. Compute the burst pressure of a carbon/epoxy cylindrical vessel with a diameter of d = 250 mm and a wall thickness of t = 2.5 mm by:
a) Using the Tsai-Hill criterion
b) Using the maximum stress criterion
The cylindrical section of the pressure vessel is constructed by winding fibers in the circumferential direction
Data: Ultimate strength values for carbon/epoxy are:
sigma hat_1T = 1826 MPa
sigma hat_2T = 19 MPa
tau hat_12 = 75 MPa
sigma hat_1C = -1134 MPa
sigma hat_2C = - 131 MPa
Formulae: For cylindrical pressure vessels:
Circumferential stresses: sigma_c = pd /2t (16)
Axial stresses: sigma_a = pd /4t (17)
Tsai-Hill failure criterion is given by:
Fl^2 = [(sigma_1)/(sigma hat_1)]^2 - (sigma_1)(sigma_2)/(sigma_ hat_1)^2 + [(sigma_2)/(sigma hat_2)]^2 + [(tau_12)/(tau hat_12)]^2 <= 1.
where sigma hat indicates the ultimate strength value given in the data.
Maximum stress criteria are given by:
sigma_1 <= sigma hat_1
sigma_2 <= sigma hat_2
t_12 <= t hat_12
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Problem 1: (Question 4)
A glass epoxy/lamina with a fiber orientation of 30 is subjected to a shear stress xy which can be positive or negative.
a) Determine the maximum positive and negative shear stresses that can be applied to this lamina using Tsai-Hill failure criterion.
b) Determine the reserve factors for xy = 10 Mpa and xy = -10 Mpa
Note that the reserve factor is given by R = 1/Fl.
Data: Ultimate strength values for glass/epoxy are:
Formulae: Tsai-Hill failure criterion is given by:
where indicates the ultimate strength value given in the data.
Solution:
Since the ultimate properties of material are given with respect to the main directions (along the fibers and transversally), we need to find out the actual stresses in a frame reference oriented accordingly:
By rotating a reference frame in a 2D stress state by angle (), the new values of stresses are given by:
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
In our problem, the normal stresses are missing, so ...
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