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Molecular Geometry and Bond Order Problems

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1) What is the molecular geometry of the ammonium ion?

2) What is the molecular geometry of the SO2Cl2 molecule?

3) What is the approximate F-S-F bond angle in sulfur hexafluoride?

4) What is the hybridization of the central atom in COCl2?

5) What is the hybridization of the central atom in selenium tetrabromide?

6) How many electrons are in * orbitals in the molecule O2?

7) What is the bond order in H2+?

8) The density of a sample of gas is 1.31g/L at STP (1.00atm and 273.15K). What is the average molar mass of the molecules in the gas sample? Record your answers to three significant figures.

9) The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is 375ppm (by volume). What is the mole fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere?

10) Calculate the ratio of rates of effusion of O2 versus Cl2. Record your answers to three significant figures.

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Assorted general chemistry problems are solved showing full working.

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Principles
1) What is the molecular geometry of the ammonium ion?
Ammonium ion is NH4+
a. Count Valence Electrons...4 + (4 x 1) = 8
b. Draw a Lewis structure. Use the following rules.
i) Use the exact number of valence electrons calculated above.
ii) Make sure every element has the number of electrons it needs to fill its outer shell. Hydrogen needs two electrons. Everything from carbon onwards needs 8 electrons.
iii) Always give electrons to the outer elements first.
iv) Form double bonds if the central element is still short of electrons.

c. Use a molecular geometry ...

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