Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate pathway
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Compare glycolysis to the pentose phosphate and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
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Glycolysis is the reaction that split a 6 carbon sugar into two three carbon sugars, which is oxidized and form two molecule of pyruvate. (1) It occurs in the cytoplasm, and it consist of ten steps and the ten steps are divided into two phases: The energy investment phase and the energy yielding phase. (1) In contrast, the pentose phosphate pathway is mainly an anabolic pathway that used glucose to make 5 carbon sugars. It also oxidize glucose to CO2 and water. ( 2) The main product of the pentose phosphate pathway is to generate NADPH for the cells to use. (2) The other product of pentose phosphate pathway is to produce ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) for the synthesis of the DNA required by every cells. (2)
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Glycolysis is the reaction that split a 6 carbon sugar into two three carbon sugars, which is oxidized and form two molecule of pyruvate. (1) It occurs in the cytoplasm, and it consist of ten steps and the ten steps are divided into two phases: The energy investment phase and the energy yielding phase. (1) In the energy investment step, the glycolysis require ATP to phosphorylate the substrate. In the energy yielding phase, the ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. The net yield from glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose. (1) There is no CO2 released. The NADH produced is later goes to the electron transport chain to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. (1) Below is a detailed reaction of glycolysis:
Glucose + ATP ------> Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP --------->Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP ---------> Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate------->Glyceraldehyde phosphate + 2 NAD+ -------->1, 3Diphosphoglycerate + 2 NADH + 2 ADP----> 3-Phosphoglycerate + 2ATP --------> 2-Phosphoglycerate------->Phosphoenolpyruvate + 2 ADP ---------> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP
Glycolysis is ...
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