Transport across the cell membrane (Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport).
How do substances (ions, proteins, ligands etc. etc.) cross from one side of the membrane to another?
The role of ATP and how it provides energy. Attachments in Word. Complete with illustrations.
Why is adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) so important?
A description of rare and normal blood types.
What is a blood type? What are rare blood types?
A description of insulin and glucagon.
The basics of insulin and glucagon in regulating plasma glucose.
The differences within the systemic circulation volume.
Is there a difference in the amount of blood present between the arterial and venus "side" of the systemic circulation?
The differences between nodal cells and atrioventricular myocytes.
Why is an AV node cell action potential slower than an atrial or ventricular myocyte?
A description of preload and afterload in the heart.
What is preload and afterload in the heart?
How would you expect a non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue to affect signalling events that take place following exposure of a cell expressing α2-adrenergic receptors to: 1) α-agonists 2) β-agonists 3) α-antagonists 4) All of the above in the prescence of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin?
Calcium (Ca), IP3, and cAMP are very different second messengers. In what ways are their mechanisms of action similar? In what ways are they different?
What are the similarities and differences between Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle and Smooth Muscle?
